Mountain warfare, spanning from Hannibal’s Alpine crossing to modern conflicts in Afghanistan and Nagorno Karabakh, presents a continuous narrative of unique challenges requiring specialized strategies. The intricate European terrain, including the Alps and the Carpathians, adds complexity for armed forces. In confronting present-day conflicts, the evolution of mountain warfare demands strategic adaptation, technological integration, and a futuristic vision where drones, joint fires, specialized units, and advanced communication redefine operations at high altitudes. Recognizing the historical context is not just homage but a pragmatic necessity, preparing military forces to move and operate safely in rugged landscapes that persistently shape the theatre of war.

Hence, the aim and objective of the workshop were to bring together experts from NATO and partner countries who can comprehensively address various approaches from both historical and recent conflict perspectives. This involved drawing comparisons with the latest developments in modern warfare and potential future conflicts within the mountain warfare framework.